{"id":392,"date":"2012-01-14T09:20:20","date_gmt":"2012-01-14T09:20:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nihadsamibanarli.com\/?p=392"},"modified":"2012-01-14T09:20:20","modified_gmt":"2012-01-14T09:20:20","slug":"destanlari-ve-destan-kulturunun-ehemmiyeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.nihatsamibanarli.com\/index.php\/2012\/01\/14\/destanlari-ve-destan-kulturunun-ehemmiyeti\/","title":{"rendered":"Destanlar\u0131n ve Destan K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn Ehemmiyeti"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Destanlar, gerek t\u00e2rih, gerek fikir ve sanat bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131rlar; t\u00e2rihi ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r, fikir ve sanat hay\u00e2t\u0131na kaynak olurlar. T\u00e2rih bak\u0131m\u0131ndan destanlar\u0131n k\u0131ymeti \u015furadad\u0131r ki, b\u00e2z\u0131 milletlerin millet h\u00e2line gelmeleri t\u00e2rihin \u00e7ok eski \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131nda olmu\u015ftur. Bunlar\u0131n hay\u00e2t\u0131 t\u00e2rihten \u00f6nceki zamanlara uzan\u0131r. B\u00f6yle milletlerin t\u00e2rihlerinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 bulmak ekseriy\u00e2 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.
\nDestanlar t\u00e2rihleri bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde eskilere uzanan milletlerin ilk \u00e7a\u011flar\u0131n\u0131 bize birtak\u0131m mitolojik menk\u0131beler h\u00e2linde anlat\u0131rlar. Bunlar ger\u00e7ek olmasalar, hatt\u00e2 ger\u00e7e\u011fe uymasalar bile, milletlerin kendi mill\u00ee m\u00e2zileri hakk\u0131nda neler bilip neler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcklerini haber vermek bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ehemmiyetlidirler.
\nBununla beraber, destan, t\u00e2rih demek de\u011fildir. Destan, k\u00f6k\u00fc t\u00e2rihe dayanan, ilh\u00e2m\u0131n\u0131 t\u00e2rihten alan bir halk edebiy\u00e2t\u0131 verimidir. Destanlar, halk \u015fiirleri, saz \u015f\u00e2irleri taraf\u0131ndan, sazlarla birlikte s\u00f6ylenir bir s\u00f6zl\u00fc edebiyat verimidir ki, um\u00fbmiyetle ayd\u0131nlar taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan t\u00e2rihler yan\u0131nda ve t\u00e2rih\u00ee olaylar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda halk kitlelerinin duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini aksettirirler. Bir ba\u015fka s\u00f6yleyi\u015fle destanlar, halk g\u00f6z\u00fcyle g\u00f6r\u00fclen, halk r\u00fbhuyle duyulan ve halk hay\u00e2linde masalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan t\u00e2rihlerdir. B\u00e2z\u0131 milletler, mill\u00ee miza\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00eec\u00e2b\u0131, destanlar\u0131nda t\u00e2rih ger\u00e7eklerinden uzakla\u015fmaz ve halk diliyle s\u00f6ylenmi\u015f birer t\u00e2rih gibi, destanlar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00e2rihe uyan bir if\u00e2de ile s\u00f6ylerler. T\u00fcrk milletinin destanlar\u0131nda bu vas\u0131flar \u00fcst\u00fcnd\u00fcr. B\u00f6yle destanlar\u0131n t\u00e2rihe yard\u0131m\u0131 t\u00e2rihi ayd\u0131nlatmas\u0131 daha kolay olur.
\nDestanlar\u0131n hele mitoslar\u0131 fikir ve sanat hay\u00e2t\u0131na kaynak olu\u015flar\u0131 daha ehemmiyetlidir.
\nDestanlarda milletlerin dinleri, t\u00fcrl\u00fc inan\u0131\u015flar\u0131, Tanr\u0131 veya tanr\u0131lar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131; ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 co\u011frafyan\u0131n hus\u00fbsiyetleriyle birle\u015fmi\u015f duygu ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri vard\u0131r.
\nYine destanlarda, insanlar\u0131n iyilikleri f\u00e2ziletleri yan\u0131nda k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckleri, fesat ve ihtiraslar\u0131 hatt\u00e2 tanr\u0131lar\u0131n bile birtak\u0131m be\u015fer\u00ee yan\u0131lmalara benzer uygunsuz hareketleri, k\u0131skan\u00e7l\u0131klar\u0131, a\u015fk, ihtiras ve cin\u00e2yet vak\u2019alar\u0131na kat\u0131l\u0131\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. B\u00f6yle destanlarda insanl\u0131k komedyas\u0131 vey\u00e2 insanl\u0131k dram\u0131 kuvvetle yank\u0131lan\u0131r.
\nBir \u00f6rnek olarak, ilias (ilyada) adl\u0131 yunan dest\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fu\u015fu b\u00f6yle vak\u2019alara dayan\u0131r.
\nM. \u00d6. III. as\u0131rda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Rom t\u00e2rih\u00e7isi Higinus\u2019un Fabolea adl\u0131 eserinde bu destanda hik\u00e2ye edilen Truva Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na sebep olarak \u015f\u00f6yle bir vak\u2019a anlat\u0131l\u0131r:
\nTeselya\u2019da tanr\u0131lar aras\u0131nda bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn yap\u0131lmakta, en b\u00fcy\u00fck tanr\u0131 Zeus\u2019un torunu Peleus\u2019la deniz il\u00e2hesi Thetis evlenmektedir. D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne b\u00fct\u00fcn tanr\u0131lar d\u00e2vet edilmi\u015f. Yaln\u0131z fesat tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 Eris \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00fccenen Eris, bir alt\u0131n elma \u00fczerine \u201cen g\u00fczele\u201d\u00a0 s\u00f6zlerini yazarak elmay\u0131 ziy\u00e2fet sofras\u0131na f\u0131rlat\u0131r.
\nAlt\u0131n elma, en g\u00fczel olmay\u0131 birbirlerine b\u0131rakam\u0131yan Yunan tanr\u0131\u00e7alar\u0131ndan Hera ile Athena ve Aphrodite aras\u0131nda kavgaya sebep olur.
\nBunlarda Hera, b\u00fcy\u00fck tanr\u0131 Zeus\u2019un hem kar\u0131s\u0131, hem k\u0131z karde\u015fidir; sem\u00e2daki kad\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 temsil eder, izdiva\u00e7 ve annelik tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Athena, Zeus\u2019un k\u0131z\u0131d\u0131r; bulutlrda \u00e7akan \u015fim\u015fe\u011fi ve il\u00e2hi zek\u00e2\u2019y\u0131 temsil eder. Aphrodite, Romal\u0131lar\u0131n Ven\u00fcs dedikleri, g\u00fczellik tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. (3) Tanr\u0131\u00e7alar aras\u0131nda kavga b\u00fcy\u00fcy\u00fcnce, Zeus bu il\u00e2heleri \u0130da Da\u011f\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6nderir. (4)\u00a0 Bu da\u011fda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en g\u00fczel erke\u011fi ve Truva kral\u0131 Priamos\u2019un o\u011flu Paris \u00e7obanl\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r. Paris, \u00fc\u00e7 il\u00e2heden hangisinin \u201cen g\u00fczel\u201d oldu\u011funu bildirmeye hakem se\u00e7ilir.
\nYunan il\u00e2heleri Paris\u2019i kand\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ona r\u00fc\u015fvet teklif ederler: Hera, Asya h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, Athena ise Paris\u2019e b\u00fct\u00fcn sava\u015flarda zafer v\u00e2deder. Aphrodite, s\u00e2dece, \u201creyini bana verirsen, sana d\u00fcny\u00e2n\u0131n en g\u00fczel kad\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 verece\u011fim\u201d der. Paris, alt\u0131n elmay\u0131 Aphrodite\u2019ye verir. Hera ile Athena hem Paris\u2019e hem de onun vatan\u0131 Truva\u2019ya d\u00fc\u015fman olurlar.
\nParis, Aphrodite\u2019nin him\u00e2yesinde denizleri a\u015farak, Yunanistan\u2019a gider. \u0130sparta kral\u0131 Menelaus\u2019un saray\u0131na mis\u00e2fir olur. Orada Menelaus\u2019un g\u00fczel\u00a0 kar\u0131s\u0131 Helena\u2019y\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Aphrodite, Paris\u2019le Helena aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck bir a\u015fk yarat\u0131r. Paris\u2019in Helena\u2019y\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rmas\u0131na yard\u0131m eder. \u0130\u015fte Akhaio\u2019larla Truva\u2019l\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki me\u015fhur Truva Sava\u015f\u0131 bu h\u00e2diseden \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n

3\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Ad\u0131 Yunanca\u00a0 k\u00f6p\u00fck m\u00e2n\u00e2s\u0131nda, afros\u2019dan gelen bu il\u00e2henin tanr\u0131 kan\u0131yle, deniz k\u00f6p\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden yarat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir. Asl\u0131nda bir Mezopotamya tanr\u0131\u00e7as\u0131 olan Aphrodite\u2019yi Yunanl\u0131lar, Fenikeliler v\u00e2s\u0131tasiyle tan\u0131m\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.
\n4\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u0130da, Bat\u0131 Anadolu\u2019da Edremit k\u00f6rfezinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Kazda\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Nihad S\u00e2mi Banarl\u0131, Resimli T\u00fcrk Edebiy\u00e2t\u0131 T\u00e2rihi, 2001, sayfa: 2-3.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Destanlar, gerek t\u00e2rih, gerek fikir ve sanat bak\u0131m\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011fer ta\u015f\u0131rlar; t\u00e2rihi ayd\u0131nlat\u0131r, fikir ve sanat hay\u00e2t\u0131na kaynak olurlar. T\u00e2rih<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[9],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nihatsamibanarli.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nihatsamibanarli.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nihatsamibanarli.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nihatsamibanarli.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nihatsamibanarli.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=392"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.nihatsamibanarli.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/392\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nihatsamibanarli.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nihatsamibanarli.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nihatsamibanarli.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}